How Diabetes Affects Your Eyes: The Essential Guide for People Living With Diabetes

How Diabetes Affects Your Eyes – Diabetes can affect the body in many ways, but its impact on the eyes is often underestimated. Many of the changes it causes are quiet and painless in the early stages, which means significant damage may develop long before symptoms appear. Understanding how diabetes affects the eyes — and what you can do to protect your vision — is one of the most important parts of long-term diabetes care.

This guide explains the most common diabetic eye complications, how they develop, and the steps you can take to preserve your sight.

Why Diabetes Affects the Eyes

The eyes contain some of the smallest and most delicate blood vessels in the body. These vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina — the light-sensitive tissue responsible for vision.

High blood sugar damages these fragile retinal vessels in two key ways:

1. Reduced Blood Supply (Ischaemia)

When vessels become narrowed or blocked, the retina becomes starved of oxygen. This triggers the growth of abnormal blood vessels, which can bleed and cause further damage.

2. Leaky Blood Vessels (Oedema)

High glucose weakens vessel walls, causing them to leak fluid into the retina. When this swelling affects the macula — the area responsible for sharp central vision — it is known as diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Both mechanisms increase the risk of permanent vision loss if left untreated.

The Most Common Eye Conditions Caused by Diabetes

1. Diabetic Retinopathy

This is the most well-known diabetic eye disease. It progresses in stages:

  • Background retinopathy: Early damage, usually without symptoms
  • Pre-proliferative retinopathy: Increasing retinal ischaemia
  • Proliferative retinopathy: Growth of abnormal blood vessels, bleeding, and scar tissue 

Untreated proliferative disease can cause sudden or irreversible vision loss.

2. Diabetic Macular Oedema (DMO)

When retinal vessels leak, fluid accumulates in the macula. This causes:

  • Blurred central vision 
  • Difficulty reading 
  • Distortion or wavy vision 
  • Reduced contrast 

DMO can occur at any stage of diabetes.

3. Early Cataract Formation

People with diabetes often develop cataracts earlier than non-diabetic individuals. Cataracts cause:

  • Glare 
  • Blurred vision 
  • Difficulty driving at night 
  • Reduced colour clarity 

Good blood sugar control helps slow progression.

Why Controlling Blood Sugar Is Essential

Keeping blood sugar within normal limits is the single most effective way to protect your eyesight.

Good long-term control helps:

  • Prevent narrowing of retinal vessels 
  • Reduce the risk of leakage 
  • Slow progression of retinopathy 
  • Reduce inflammation 
  • Improve healing after any eye procedure 

The closer your blood sugar remains to your target range, the better your retinal health.

The Crucial Role of Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is another major risk factor for diabetic eye disease. It increases the chance of:

  • Retinal vascular occlusions 
  • Faster progression of retinopathy 
  • Macular swelling 
  • Damage to the optic nerve 

Even if your diabetes is well controlled, uncontrolled blood pressure can still harm your eyes.

Why Regular Eye Tests Are Non-Negotiable

Eye diseases linked to diabetes often develop silently. Regular checks allow early detection before vision is affected.

Routine examinations help identify:

  • Rising eye pressure 
  • Retinal vessel changes 
  • Early macular oedema 
  • Cataracts 
  • Signs of systemic conditions (e.g., hypertension) 

Even if your vision seems stable, you should attend:

  • Annual diabetic eye screening, and 
  • Regular optician examinations 

Both are essential for long-term eye protection.

Understanding the Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (UK)

The UK has one of the most effective diabetic screening systems in the world. Every person with diabetes aged 12 and over is invited for annual retinal photography.

Here’s how it works:

  1. High-resolution photographs of the retina are taken 
  2. Specialist graders assess the images 
  3. If no problems are detected, you return in 12 months 
  4. If early changes are found, you may be invited sooner 
  5. If concerning features are seen, you will be referred to hospital eye services 

Screening can detect retinopathy years before symptoms appear — which is why attending every appointment is crucial.

Treatment Options for Diabetic Eye Disease

Treatment depends on the severity of the eye changes.

1. Laser Therapy

Used to stabilise proliferative retinopathy or treat macular oedema in some cases.

2. Intravitreal Injections

Anti-VEGF injections such as Eylea or Lucentis help reduce swelling and improve vision.

3. Steroid Injections or Implants

Useful when swelling is driven by inflammation.

4. Cataract Surgery

Offered when cataracts interfere with vision or monitoring of the retina.

Lifestyle Steps to Protect Your Vision

  • Keep blood sugar within your target range 
  • Monitor and control blood pressure 
  • Stop smoking 
  • Exercise regularly 
  • Eat a balanced diet 
  • Attend every screening appointment 

These changes make a dramatic difference to long-term eye health.

When to See a Specialist Urgently

Seek urgent assessment if you develop:

  • Sudden loss of vision 
  • New floaters or flashes 
  • Distortion or wavy vision 
  • A dark curtain or shadow 
  • Persistent blurred vision 

Early treatment can prevent irreversible damage.

If you have diabetes and would like guidance about protecting your eyesight — or if your screening test has shown changes — you can arrange a consultation with Mr Zaid Shalchi here.

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Why Choose Private Cataract Surgery? Key Benefits Explained

Cataracts are one of the most common age-related eye conditions, affecting the clarity of your vision over time. Thankfully, cataract surgery is a safe, highly effective procedure that restores clear sight for the vast majority of people.

In the UK, many patients are treated successfully through the NHS. However, more people are now exploring private cataract surgery – not just for speed, but also for greater control and choice. If you’re considering your options, here are some of the key reasons patients choose to have their cataracts treated privately.

1. Faster Access to Surgery

One of the most common reasons patients go private is to avoid long waiting times. NHS cataract surgery waiting lists can vary depending on your local area – in some cases, the wait may be several months or longer.

In contrast, private surgery is typically available within a few days or weeks. For many people, this means less disruption to daily life, especially if cataracts are affecting your ability to drive, work, or enjoy hobbies. With private care, you can take control of your treatment timeline and avoid unnecessary delays.

2. Freedom to Choose Your Consultant

When you choose private cataract surgery, you can select the consultant ophthalmologist who performs your procedure. This allows you to build a relationship with a specialist you trust, from your first consultation through to your recovery.

Seeing the same expert throughout your journey means you can feel confident that your care is consistent, personalised and responsive to your needs – something many patients find reassuring.

3. Wider Range of Lens Options

In NHS treatment, most patients are offered a standard monofocal lens. While effective, these lenses correct vision at a single distance, meaning you’ll likely still need glasses for reading or close-up tasks.

With private cataract surgery, you have access to a wider range of advanced intraocular lenses (IOLs), including:

  • Multifocal lenses – for both near and distance vision
  • Toric lenses – to correct astigmatism
  • Extended depth of focus lenses – offering clearer vision across multiple distances

These premium lenses can significantly reduce your dependence on glasses – and in some cases, eliminate the need for them entirely.

Cataract surgery

4. Personalised, Unrushed Consultations

Private consultations typically offer more time to explore your individual needs and preferences. Your ophthalmologist can explain your options in detail, answer all your questions, and help you choose the best lens for your lifestyle.

This personalised approach means your treatment plan is tailored not just to your eyes, but to your goals – whether that’s driving without glasses, reading with ease, or simply enjoying clearer vision every day.

5. Comfortable and Calming Experience

Private clinics and hospitals often provide a more relaxed environment, which can make the experience less stressful – especially if you’re feeling anxious about surgery.

You may benefit from:

  • A quieter setting with shorter waiting times
  • Private rooms and comfortable facilities
  • More flexibility in scheduling your surgery

These details can make a big difference in helping you feel calm, cared for and in control.

6. Comprehensive Aftercare and Support

After your surgery, it’s important to feel supported during your recovery. Private patients often receive more comprehensive aftercare, including:

  • Follow-up appointments with your consultant
  • Easy access if you have any concerns
  • Clear guidance on what to expect as your vision improves

This ongoing relationship helps ensure peace of mind and the best possible visual outcome.

Final Thoughts: Is Private Cataract Surgery Right for You?

NHS cataract surgery is safe, effective and life-changing for many patients. But if you value faster access, a wider choice of lenses, personalised care and continuity with a consultant you trust – private surgery may be worth considering.

To find out more or book a consultation, feel free to get in touch. We’re here to help you make the right decision for your eyes, your lifestyle, and your peace of mind.

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What is it like to have macular degeneration?

What are the early warning signs of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? In the early stages, patients may notice blurry central vision, wavy lines or difficulty reading. Often, symptoms are dismissed as a normal part of ageing, leading to a delay in asking for help. In some cases, routine eye exams detect macular degeneration before symptoms first appear.

What vision looks like with macular degeneration

What are the symptoms of macular degeneration disease – why is my vision blurry?

The macula is the central part of the retina that deals with fine, high quality vision such as reading or recognising faces. In macular degeneration, the cells in the central retina become damaged and as a result are not able to see as well as they would normally. In the beginning, all patients have dry macular degeneration, which is a wear and tear process within the retina. About 15% of patients will then go on to develop wet macular degeneration, which will require treatment to stop rapid visual loss.

What is the red flag for macular degeneration?

Straight lines appearing ‘wavy’ or distorted is a red flag for the development of wet macular degeneration. This occurs when there is bleeding or fluid leakage in or under the macula and this causes a disorganisation of the very fine cells of the retina. As a result, straight lines will appear distorted or wavy and this is a sign that a patient needs to seek medical attention from their optician or their eye doctor.

Macular degeneration tests and diagnosis

When the patient goes to see their optician or eye doctor, they will receive a thorough examination and further tests to assess the health of the eye. This will include:

  • Visual acuity: this is the very common eye test where you will be asked to read letters from the chart. This is normally done with glasses so that the best possible vision is achieved from the eye.
  • Dilated Eye Exam: this is where drops are instilled into the eye to dilate the pupil. This will allow thorough examination of the entire retina and the central retina in particular. In the context of macular degeneration, the central retina will be examined in detail for any signs of this condition.
  • Amsler grid: this is a very useful test that patients can perform at home to check for any distortions in the vision of straight lines
  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): this is a very fast and painless test that can give detailed images of the macula and will give an instant diagnosis of whether a patient has macular degeneration or not
  • Fluorescein Angiography (for wet AMD): this test involves injecting dye into a vein and then taking photographs of the eye. The test is done less often these days but can be useful in some patients where there is doubt about the exact diagnosis

Wet Macular Degeneration and Dry Macular Degeneration

What type of macular degeneration do I have – dry or wet?

Everyone with macular degeneration has the dry form. This form develops initially as wear and tear changes in the retina and may be there in patients who don’t have any symptoms at all. As dry macular degeneration progresses, patients may notice increasing blurring of their central vision. In about 15% of patients, wet macular degeneration can develop on top of this. The distinction is very important as wet macular degeneration requires urgent treatment with injections into the eye.

How do I know if my macular degeneration is getting worse?

It is very common for patients who have been diagnosed with macular degeneration to want to know how far their condition has progressed. This is not an easy question to answer as it will require several different tests to establish the level of the condition. One of these tests will be a simple vision test on the chart. Another common test is an OCT scan of the retina. Doctors generally regard advanced AMD to be composed of either wet macular degeneration or geographic atrophy. Nevertheless, both forms of the disease can be present in patients with quite good vision.

Is macular degeneration permanent?

In general, we don’t have many good treatments for dry macular degeneration, and we certainly don’t have many good treatments that can reverse the condition. Hence many treatments at present are designed to reduce the risk of progression of dry macular degeneration. In the context of wet macular degeneration, injection treatment can certainly lead to reversal of bleeding and fluid leakage and can improve the vision.

Macular Degeneration Treatment

Dry AMD (Early to Intermediate):

Unfortunately, there is no cure for dry macular degeneration. However, AREDS2 supplementations in the form of vitamin and antioxidant supplements has been shown to reduce the risk of progression in some suitable patients. It is certainly important to undertake certain lifestyle changes such as stopping smoking as this is very closely linked to progression of macular degeneration.

Wet AMD:

In patients with wet macular degeneration, by far the most effective therapy that we have is injections into the eye using drugs that target the molecule that drives the disease. This will not be a single injection but will be a course of injections that initially start every month and then become less frequent. A small number of patients may benefit from having extra laser treatment to reduce their injection frequency.

How often will I need injections or follow-ups?

All patients with wet macular degeneration will generally start with monthly injections. These will continue for three to four months after which most patients will then be able to have injections less frequently. Initially the injection intervals may be every two months or every three months. As time goes on the interval may be further extended. The aim is always to try and stop treatment, although this is not always possible. Stopping treatment needs to be done in a controlled way to ensure there is no damage to the vision. A common way of doing this is to wait until patients need 3 consecutive injections every three months. One injection can then be deferred with very close observation of the eye to see whether the condition recurs.

Do injections for macular degeneration improve vision?

Although injection treatment for wet macular degeneration is designed to stabilise the vision and stop any further deterioration, the average patient does get an improvement in their vision. This improvement can be significant in some patients, but it is difficult to predict until the treatment is given and the outcome is observed. Certainly we know from the days when we did not have injection treatment that without treatment patients generally lose vision relatively quickly.

Macular degeneration injection side effects

The main side effect that we worry about is the very small risk of serious eye infection. This can damage the vision permanently so we go to very great lengths to prevent it happening by using antiseptic and a sterile technique for treatment. If a serious eye infection happens, it will need urgent treatment with antibiotics. Nevertheless, damage to the vision may be permanent. The risk of this infection is less than one in 1,000. Much more common side effects include a scratchy sore eye for the first day after the injection and a good way to treat this is with lots of lubricating dry eye drops such as Hycosan Original four times daily.

Ongoing monitoring of macular degeneration

Patients with macular degeneration should have ongoing monitoring. For patients with dry macular degeneration, an Amsler grid should be used at home once a week for each eye separately. Patients need to stay alert for any new symptoms, particularly distortion of straight lines on the Amsler grid. Patients with wet macular degeneration will be monitored very closely as they undergo injection treatment to determine the response to treatment and to check the fellow eye for any sign of wet macular degeneration.

How will I know if my macular degeneration is getting worse?

If you have been diagnosed with macular degeneration, you will know that your condition is getting worse if your vision is more blurred or if you notice any increase in distortion of straight lines appearing wavy. It is important to have regular eye checks to ensure the macular degeneration is monitored and to exclude any other conditions that may be affecting the vision and that may require treatment.

What should I do if I notice a sudden change in vision?

If you notice a sudden change in the vision, it is important not to ignore this and to seek medical attention. Opticians can be a very useful first port of call as long as they have an eye test appointment available within 24-48 hours. If this is not available, patients should see their nearest Eye Casualty who will be able to examine the eye and diagnose the problem.

Vision rehabilitation and coping with vision loss

There is a great deal to offer patients to help them manage with visual loss. Patients can be referred to Low Vision clinics who are able to provide magnifying glasses, large print materials and new technologies to help patients remain independent. Getting in touch with vision support groups such as the Macula Society can help with emotional support and guidance also.

Can I drive with macular degeneration ?

In order to drive a car safely in the UK, the DVLA state that a person must be able to read a number plate with both eyes open at a distance of 20 metres. Your optician or eye doctor will be able to help you determine whether your vision is good enough to meet these criteria.

What devices can help me with reading or recognising faces?

It is important that all patients with macular degeneration have up-to-date eye tests and up-to-date glasses to help make the most of their vision. When reading it is important to have good lighting to make this easier. Magnifying glasses can help a great deal in this regard also. Modern technologies such as the use of tablets means that it is much easier to enlarge texts, and some patients also notice that reversing the text such that white letters are presented on a black background can make reading easier.

How can I maintain independence with low vision?

Patients with low vision can remain independent and certainly do not need to leave their current home. The support of Eye Clinic Liaison Officers as well as social services can help make adaptations to help patients remain independent. Being registered as sight impaired or severely sight impaired can open up a whole range of services to ensure patients are supported in their activities of daily living.

Support for macular degeneration

Patients with visual loss can naturally become quite anxious or depressed and therefore emphasising the importance of good mental health is essential. For this, there is a whole range of support groups and health professionals who can empower patients and reduce their feeling of isolation. Involving the family and other caregivers is crucial for ongoing care and emotional well-being.

How can my family help me manage this condition?

Family and friends are essential for patients with macular degeneration. The condition can cause anxiety and it is important that patients feel they have the support or family and friends in this regard. Family and friends can provide emotional support and they can also provide more practical support such as in helping bring patients to their appointments. Having family and friends attend appointments can help patients feel supported as they manage their diagnosis.

Are there clinical trials or new treatments available for macular degeneration?

New treatments are constantly being trialled for macular degeneration. In the context of wet macular degeneration, longer lasting injections are being investigated to help reduce the burden of treatment for patients. For dry macular degeneration, treatments are being investigated for reducing the progression of the condition or even for reversing the disease. It is a good idea to keep abreast of new developments by asking your eye health professional.

If you are experiencing the early warning signs of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), book an appointment with me today. Call 020 3953 4999 or email secretary@zaidshalchi.co.uk.

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What is it like to have cataract surgery?

A cataract is when the natural lens inside your eye becomes cloudy. This cloudiness can make it harder to see clearly and can affect your everyday life, from reading a book to driving at night. It’s not something that happens overnight; instead, it’s usually a gradual process.

Understanding Cataracts

Many of my patients come to me saying, “I’ve updated my glasses, but it just doesn’t help anymore.” That’s often one of the first signs. You might also notice things like bright headlights at night becoming unbearably glaring or struggling to see the number on an approaching bus. Reading small print might feel impossible, or you might find yourself depending more on others for things you used to manage yourself. Sometimes, it’s your optician who first points it out, saying, “You’re no longer safe to drive.” Hearing that can be a shock.

These are all signs that your cataracts might be affecting your quality of life. If you find yourself avoiding social outings, feeling less independent, or even losing confidence in your ability to get around, it’s time to consider your options.

What is the experience of living with cataracts?

Cataracts don’t just blur your vision; they blur your life. Imagine not being able to see the bus numbers anymore or worrying you’ll trip over something in the street. Perhaps you’ve stopped driving altogether because you’re not sure you can see well enough to be safe. It’s frustrating, and it can feel like your world is shrinking.

One of my patients described it as feeling like they were becoming a smaller person. They lost confidence in their ability to navigate the world and began relying more on family for help. They even felt guilty about asking their children for support. Others talk about avoiding social gatherings because they’re afraid they’ll miss steps or bump into things.
If this sounds familiar, know that you’re not alone. Cataracts affect millions of people every year, and there is a path forward.

When is the right time to consider surgery?

A question I’m often asked is, “How do I know it’s time to do something about my cataracts?” It’s simple: if glasses are no longer improving your vision, it’s time to seek help. Cataract surgery isn’t just about fixing your eyesight; it’s about reclaiming your independence and quality of life.

Debunking myths about cataract surgery

Cataract surgery has come a long way. Gone are the days of large incisions and weeks of recovery. Many patients are surprised to learn how straightforward and effective modern cataract surgery is.

Let me address a few common concerns:

  1. “How do you keep my eye open during surgery?” We use a special clip to gently keep your eye open. You won’t have to worry about blinking or closing your eye.
  2. “Will it hurt?” Not at all. We use anaesthetic drops to numb your eye completely. If you feel any discomfort, we can easily add more anaesthetic to ensure you’re comfortable.
  3. “What if I move during the procedure?” That’s a natural concern, but don’t worry. Your eye is carefully stabilised, and your only job is to look at a bright light. If you do need to adjust, we can pause and make sure you’re comfortable.
  4. “What are the risks?” Serious complications, like infection or retinal detachment, are extremely rare. For example, the risk of infection is about 1 in 2,000 to 3,000 cases, and I’m pleased to say it has never happened in my experience. Rest assured, we take every precaution to minimise risks.

What happens during cataract surgery?

Let me walk you through the experience, step by step, so you know exactly what to expect:

1. Arrival at the Hospital

When you arrive, you’ll be shown to a comfortable room where you can relax. A nurse will come to see you and start by putting drops in your eyes to dilate your pupils. This process takes some time, but it’s essential for the surgery.

2. Meeting Your Surgeon

I’ll come to see you before the surgery to confirm your consent and answer any last-minute questions. As a safety measure, we’ll mark the eye being treated.

3. Heading to Theatre

Once your pupil is ready, you’ll be wheeled to the operating theatre. You’ll receive more drops in the anaesthetic room, including an antiseptic and additional numbing drops.

4. The Surgery Itself

In the theatre, you’ll lie down on a comfortable trolley with plenty of neck and knee support. A clear, sterile drape will be placed over your face to keep the area bacteria-free, but don’t worry—you’ll still have oxygen blowing gently under your chin.

During the procedure, you’ll see a bright light. Your job is to follow it as I work. You might hear some interesting sounds, like a buzzing noise as the machine breaks up the cataract or a gentle slurping sound as it’s removed. These are normal and nothing to worry about. The entire procedure typically takes about 20 minutes.

5. After the Surgery

Once the surgery is complete, you’ll be taken back to your room to relax with a cup of tea and a snack. You’ll have a protective shield over your eye, which you’ll wear for the rest of the day and then at night for the next week.

What to expect after surgery

Your vision will likely be blurry immediately after the procedure, but don’t be alarmed—this is completely normal. Most patients notice significant improvement within a few days, and the majority of the recovery happens in the first week. By the end of the first month, your vision will be as good as it’s going to get. At that point, you’ll visit your optician for new glasses, if needed.
Some patients are amazed to find they no longer need glasses for distance vision, and others opt for advanced lenses that allow them to see clearly at all distances. Many describe the experience as life-changing, saying they feel like they’ve gained a new lease on life.

Why cataract surgery matters

For many, cataract surgery isn’t just about seeing clearly; it’s about regaining independence. Patients who couldn’t drive before surgery find themselves back on the road. Those who relied on others for daily tasks regain their confidence. One patient told me,

“I didn’t realise how bad my vision was until I could see clearly again. It’s like the world opened up.”

If you’re struggling with cataracts, know that help is available. Don’t wait until your world feels smaller; take the first step toward brighter, clearer days, and book an appointment with me today. Call 020 3953 4999 or email secretary@zaidshalchi.co.uk.

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Sun Exposure and Cataracts: Understanding the Risks

As the days grow longer and warmer, it’s a great time to remind everyone that Sun Awareness Week takes place during the first week of May. We all love to bask in the glorious sunshine and soak up some much-needed vitamin D. But, it’s essential to remember that the sun’s rays also bring with them certain health risks.

We often hear about the dangers of skin cancer, but did you know that sun exposure can increase the risk of cataracts and other eye diseases as well? In today’s blog, we look at the connection between sun exposure and cataracts.

How does sun exposure increase the risk of cataracts?

Globally, cataracts stand as the primary reason for blindness. The condition occurs when proteins within the eye’s lens deteriorate and aggregate, leading to a clouded lens and eventual blindness in the impacted eye(s).

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays for extended periods can significantly heighten the risk of cataracts. As the sun’s UV rays penetrate the eye, they accelerate the degradation of proteins in the lens. This causes them to cluster together. This process obstructs light from passing through the lens, resulting in impaired vision.

Study reveals those most at risk of developing cataracts through sun exposure

A previous study examined the link between time spent outdoors and the likelihood of cataract surgery. The survey, part of the 45 and Up Study, involved 137,133 Australian participants, aged 45 to 65, with no prior cataract surgery. A questionnaire assessed their outdoor hours on weekdays and weekends, along with their tanning habits due to sun exposure. Cataract surgery cases were tracked through Medicare Benefits Schedule records from the study’s start until 2016.

Over an average of nine years, 14,338 participants underwent cataract surgery, resulting in a 10.5% incidence. The analysis revealed that more weekend outdoor time and increased tanning from sun exposure were significantly linked to a reduced cataract surgery risk. Weekday outdoor time had a nominal association.

Participants with more than 10 hours spent outdoors on weekends had a 9% lower risk compared to those with less than two hours. Additionally, those less prone to tanning had a 5% to 7% higher risk of cataract surgery compared to individuals who got very tanned.

How to keep your eyes protected this summer

To minimise the risk of cataracts due to UV exposure, it’s crucial to safeguard your eyes while in direct sunlight. Opt for hats and sunglasses that provide complete UVA and UVB protection. Wrap-around sunglasses are an excellent option, as they shield the periphery of your eyes from UV rays. Don’t forget to wear sunglasses in winter too. Even without the heat, UV rays persist and can reflect off surfaces like ice and snow.

If you do suspect you may have cataracts, or you have been diagnosed with the condition, early treatment can help reduce the risk of vision loss. When the impact of cataracts on your vision is affecting your quality of life, surgery is usually recommended. If you don’t have cataract surgery, then your vision loss can worsen.

Regular eye exams and following your optometrist’s recommendations are the best ways to ensure proper eye care. Book an appointment with Mr Zaid Shalchi, a specialist in the treatment of cataracts.

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Uveitis – Treating This Eye Condition

Uveitis is a condition of the eye that causes inflammation, or swelling, within the uvea. The effects of the condition can vary depending on which part of the uvea and eye is affected, whether it’s the front, middle or back.

Symptoms can include pain, sensitivity to bright light, and impaired vision. However, the signs aren’t always easy to recognise, making the condition more challenging to diagnose. Some patients may not experience any symptoms at all, resulting in it going undiagnosed for potentially months.

Most uveitis cases can be resolved with treatment. However, certain types can be more challenging to manage due to persistent and potentially sight-threatening inflammation, which may also affect nearby tissues and lead to permanent changes in vision.

Understanding the different types of uveitis

There are several types of uveitis that can affect different parts of the uvea. They include:

  • Anterior uveitis: Inflammation of the iris or ciliary body.
  • Intermediate uveitis: Inflammation of the ciliary body and front part of the choroid, often visible in the vitreous gel.
  • Posterior uveitis: Inflammation of the choroid and/or retina, including retinal blood vessels or the optic nerve head.
  • Panuveitis: Inflammation of all parts of the uvea.

Whichever type you experience, you can suffer acute, recurrent, or chronic uveitis.

How is uveitis treated?

The treatment you receive will depend upon the type that you have. Here’s a brief rundown of the main types of treatments used…

Eyedrops

Eyedrops are often prescribed to reduce inflammation in anterior uveitis. Corticosteroid eye drops help to treat inflammation at the front of the eye and may need to be used hourly or once each day depending upon the severity of the condition.

Cycloplegic or mydriatic eye drops may be prescribed in addition to steroid medication, although this is not always necessary. Cycloplegic drops can alleviate eye pain by temporarily paralysing the muscles of the iris and ciliary body. By reducing the movement of these inflamed muscles, the pain associated with this condition can be mitigated.

Medications

A variety of medications can be used to treat uveitis, including steroid or oral medications, alongside immunosuppressants.

Immunosuppressant medication may be prescribed as an alternative treatment if other methods prove to be ineffective. It could also be prescribed if the dose of steroid medication needs to be decreased due to significant side effects.

Implants/Injections

Injections are a common treatment option for intermediate or posterior uveitis. The injections can deliver steroid medication directly to the affected parts of the eye.

Steroid medication can be injected into the eye in liquid form, or via a small implant to treat non-infectious uveitis. Injections and implants are often recommended in cases where only one eye requires treatment, but they can be given to both eyes as needed.

Surgery

Surgical intervention may be required to manage the condition. However, this option is typically reserved for individuals with recurrent or severe uveitis that impacts the back of the eye.

In some cases, a procedure called a vitrectomy, which involves the removal of the vitreous, the gel-like substance that fills the eye, may be recommended as a means of treatment.

If you suspect you have uveitis or you want to seek the best possible treatment, book an appointment with Mr Zaid Shalchi today.

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What causes Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is thought to be the third leading cause of blindness worldwide, with an estimated 4.5 million people affected globally. One of the challenges of this common eye condition is that its symptoms do not manifest immediately, but rather develop gradually over the course of several years. As a result, many patients only seek medical attention when they realise their vision is deteriorating, by which time significant damage may have already occurred.

As World Glaucoma Week begins 12 March, here we look at the different types of glaucoma, what causes glaucoma, and the treatment options available.

What are the different types of glaucoma?

Glaucoma can manifest in different forms, and treatment will depend on the specific type a patient has. The most common form of the condition is primary open-angle glaucoma. This type of the condition is caused by a blockage in the channels that drain fluid from the eyes, leading to an increase in pressure.

Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a less common type. It typically occurs in individuals with smaller eyes, where blockages are more likely to occur. It is characterised by sudden, intense symptoms that require urgent treatment. Medication to lower the pressure is typically required before surgery can be performed to correct the issue.

Secondary glaucoma is an indirect form of the condition. It can be caused by an eye injury, illness, or the use of certain medications such as steroids.

What causes glaucoma?

Glaucoma refers to a collection of conditions that occur when the fluid within the eye fails to drain properly. The build-up of fluid leads to an increase in pressure within the eye, which can ultimately result in damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.

While the precise causes of glaucoma are not yet fully understood, certain risk factors have been identified. These can include age, family history, race, and other medical conditions such as diabetes and near-sightedness. Although glaucoma can affect individuals of any age, it is most commonly observed in adults over the age of 60.

How is glaucoma treated?

It is important to understand that treatment cannot reverse any damage already caused by glaucoma. However, treatment can help prevent it from worsening and, importantly, can save you from losing your sight altogether.

Treatment for glaucoma is aimed at reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP). This is the pressure within the eye and reducing it can prevent or slow down further damage to the optic nerve. The main treatments used include eye drops and surgery.

Eye drops are often the first line of treatment for glaucoma. They work by reducing the amount of fluid that the eye produces, or by increasing the drainage of fluid from the eye. There are different types of eye drops available, and the ones used will depend on the specific type of glaucoma and the individual’s response to the medication.

Surgery may be recommended in cases where other treatments have not been effective in controlling the pressure. The most common surgical procedure for glaucoma is trabeculectomy, which involves creating a small drainage channel to help reduce IOP.

In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used to achieve the best results. Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, Mr Shalchi will be able to advise on a surgical approach for the best results. Once your treatment plan has been organised, he will regularly monitor your eyes to ensure that the treatment is effective, and to adjust the plan if needed.

The best way to catch glaucoma early is by keeping on top of your eye health with regular check-ups. Book an eye test with Mr Zaid Shalchi today.

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Motorists with Poor Eyesight Putting Lives at Risk

A recent study has revealed a worrying trend in the number of people with vision difficulties who continue to drive. Over the Christmas period, it was estimated 17 million motorists would be hitting the roads as they travelled to visit loved ones. Around 1 in 10 of those drivers could have been driving with vision below the legal standard.

Every year, it is estimated that 2900 people are killed or injured by a driver with poor eyesight. Here, we look at why motorists are continuing to drive with poor vision, and why the Association of Optometrists (AOP) is calling for tougher regulations.

What does the latest research say?

Several studies have recently been conducted to determine how many motorists are driving around with poor eyesight. The most recent was a survey conducted by AOP, taken by 1033 UK optometrists. Almost half of those surveyed claimed to have seen a patient with vision below the legal standard within the last month, but that continued to drive.

The association also carried out a public poll that revealed 62% were currently putting off an eye test. Almost a fifth of drivers also claimed they hadn’t self-checked their vision as recommended by the DVLA. Additionally, 36% of those who took the survey admitted they were using an out-of-date prescription.

Why more motorists are driving with poor eyesight

So why are so many motorists continuing to drive when they suffer poor eyesight? The ongoing cost of living crisis is said to be a large contributing factor.

Recent research from Specsavers revealed that 62% of patients who wore contact lenses or glasses were putting off visiting the opticians because of the cost-of-living crisis. Worryingly, 31% stated they currently wear eyewear prescribed to family and friends to save money.

These findings show an immediate need to help patients with the cost of their treatment. The AOP is calling for an increase in the value of NHS optical vouchers to help those struggling to afford the cost.

Calls for compulsory eyesight testing

The AOP is also campaigning for compulsory eyesight testing to be introduced in the UK. Currently, you can pass your driving test at age 17, and never have an eyesight test again. This needs to change, and members of the public agree. In 2001, 47% of 2000 people polled said they agreed that the laws on vision should be more rigorous.

Driving with poor vision isn’t just a risk to yourself, it’s also a danger to other drivers and pedestrians. If your vision is impacting your driving ability, you should book an eye health check immediately.

Call us on 020 3953 4999 or email us on secretary@zaidshalchi.co.uk to arrange a consultation with London Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon Mr Zaid Shalchi today.

 

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Combatting Myopia with Sunshine for Children’s Eyesight

Schools are being urged to allow pupils more time outdoors in a bid to combat the rising cases of myopia. Also known as near-sightedness, myopia is thought to be affecting more children than ever before due to spending more time in dimly lit classrooms.

Over the course of the pandemic, most children switched to remote home learning, while simultaneously spending less time outdoors. The lack of sunlight compared to previous generations, has seen a rise in all kinds of health issues, including myopia.

Here, we look at how sunshine could help to protect against myopia and other risk factors you should be aware of.

What is myopia?

Myopia is a common eye condition that affects your ability to see faraway objects clearly. The condition typically starts in children aged 6 to 13, though it can also develop in adults too. The main symptoms to watch out for include:

  • Difficulty reading from a distance
  • Sitting close to the television, or having your phone close to your face
  • Frequent headaches
  • Frequent eye rubbing

The condition typically runs in families, and it can worsen until the eyes stop growing. If it is not caught early and treated, there is a risk of it leading to vision-threatening complications including blindness. However, this is rare and only normally occurs in cases where high myopia has progressed to an advanced stage. It is usually treated with contact lenses or glasses and is diagnosed with an eye test.

How can sunlight help to fight myopia?

Sunlight helps to regulate eye growth in children. As myopia is typically caused by over-elongated development along the front-to-back axis, exposure to sunlight can help to prevent the problem. Interestingly, it can also neutralise the genetic risk associated with the condition.

It is estimated that children with a family history have a 60% chance of developing the condition themselves. However, spending just two hours a day in the sunshine can help to neutralise the risk. This is because sunlight stimulates the release of dopamine from specialised cells in the retina that aren’t associated with vision. They then trigger chemical signals that help to delay the elongation of the eyeball.

Inadequate exposure to sunlight during childhood is known to greatly increase the risk of developing myopia.

Other risk factors

It isn’t just a lack of sunlight that can cause myopia. Here are some other risk factors you should be aware of:

  • Genetics
  • Lifestyle habits
  • Demographics
  • Health factors

If your child spends a lot of time in front of a screen, or in poorly lit conditions, it can increase their risk of developing the condition. Studies have also shown that demographics such as where you live can also play a role. Those who live in rural areas are less likely to develop the condition than those in urban areas. In adults, health conditions such as Diabetes can lead to mild or moderate myopia.

Once you have myopia, it cannot be eradicated. However, it can be managed with glasses, contact lenses, or laser eye surgery.

If you are worried your child may have myopia, book a consultation with Mr Zaid Shalchi today.

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